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Currently, the only region where a popular election is held for the council is Kainuu. The term total means that all sectors of the government and economy are involved in the defence planning. Finland has also dared to break the old tradition of genres typical of Finnish films, which has led to more or less successful genre experiments between the late 20th and early 2000s, such as Agent 000 and the Deadly Curves, Big Game, Bodom, Born American, Bunny the Killer Thing, Dark Floors, Dogs Don't Wear Pants, Imaginaerum, Iron Sky and its sequel Iron Sky: The Coming Race, Jade Warrior, The Last Border, The Marshal of Finland, Rare Exports: A Christmas Tale, Rendel, Sauna, and Skeleton Crew. And while plenty of beloved isles in Scotland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Croatia also made the list again, it’s clear that new horizons are also being explored. [173] Largely following the example of the Øresund Bridge between Sweden and Denmark, the Kvarken Bridge connecting Umeå in Sweden and Vaasa in Finland to cross the Gulf of Bothnia has also been planned for decades.[174]. In 1811, Alexander I incorporated the Russian Vyborg province into the Grand Duchy of Finland.

[298] David Hasselhoff, an American actor, singer and television personality, opened his own talk show called David Hasselhoff Show [fi], which was recorded in Finland, also premiering on Finnish television channel Sub on April 2, 2015. In addition, the public health services are usually organized on the basis of regions. Year after year, when Travel + Leisure readers vote on the best islands in Europe, Greece emerges as a favorite destination. The law includes no punishment of false funds reports of the elected politicians. Each year, around 12,000 book titles are published and 12 million records are sold. [213] English is studied by most pupils as a compulsory subject from the first grade (at seven years of age) in the comprehensive school (in some schools other languages can be chosen instead),[219][220] as a result of which Finns' English language skills have been significantly strengthened over several decades.

The Gulf Stream combines with the moderating effects of the Baltic Sea and numerous inland lakes to explain the unusually warm climate compared with other regions that share the same latitude, such as Alaska, Siberia, and southern Greenland. [292] A 1960 crime comedy film Inspector Palmu's Mistake, directed by Matti Kassila, has also enjoyed great popularity over the years, and in 2012, it was voted the best Finnish film of all time by Finnish film critics, journalists and bloggers in a poll organized by Yle Uutiset,[293] but the 1984 comedy film Uuno Turhapuro in the Army, the ninth film in the Uuno Turhapuro film series, remains Finland's most seen domestic film made since 1968 by Finnish audience.[294]. Japan. Finland (Finnish: Suomi [ˈsuo̯mi] (listen); Swedish: Finland [ˈfɪ̌nland] (listen), Finland Swedish: [ˈfinlɑnd]), officially the Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta, Swedish: Republiken Finland (listen to all)),[note 1] is a Nordic country located in Northern Europe. The Finnish Defence Forces consist of a cadre of professional soldiers (mainly officers and technical personnel), currently serving conscripts, and a large reserve. [122], Finland has one of the world's most extensive welfare systems, one that guarantees decent living conditions for all residents: Finns, and non-citizens. The greatest concentration of islands is found in the southwest, in the Archipelago Sea between continental Finland and the main island of Åland.
Policing corruption, International Perspectives. Finland has the highest concentration of cooperatives relative to its population. Written Finnish could be said to have existed since Mikael Agricola translated the New Testament into Finnish during the Protestant Reformation, but few notable works of literature were written until the 19th century and the beginning of a Finnish national Romantic Movement. Russia. Economic growth was rapid in the postwar era, and by 1975 Finland's GDP per capita was the 15th-highest in the world. [84] Its largest lake, Saimaa, is the fourth largest in Europe. Rather than acknowledge the authority of the Power Act of a few months earlier, the right-wing government, led by Prime Minister P. E. Svinhufvud, presented Declaration of Independence on 4 December 1917, which was officially approved two days later by Finnish Parliament, on 6 December 1917. [240] The under-five mortality rate has decreased from 51 per 1,000 live births in 1950 to 2.3 per 1,000 live births in 2017, ranking Finland's rate among the lowest in the world. Approximately 500 women choose voluntary military service every year. Education is compulsory between the ages of 7 and 16. Text from PD source: US Library of Congress: The Nordic Model of Welfare: A Historical Reappraisal, by Niels Finn Christiansen, "Retail growth best in Finland for five years". [64][65] The civil war and the 1918–1920 activist expeditions called "Kinship Wars" into Soviet Russia strained Eastern relations. But women did not get the right to run for the New Zealand legislature, until 1919. Various turnips were common in traditional cooking, but were replaced with the potato after its introduction in the 18th century. Finland became a common name for the whole country in a centuries-long process that started when the Catholic Church established a missionary diocese in Nousiainen in the northern part of the province of Suomi possibly sometime in the 12th century. This was rejected by the Russian Provisional Government which decided to dissolve the Parliament.[60]. As of 2007[update], Finland has roughly the lowest industrial electricity prices in the EU-15 (equal to France). The plan aimed at increasing forest harvests by about 3% per year, while conserving forestland for recreation and other uses.

The cabinet exercises most executive powers, and originates most of the bills that the parliament then debates and votes on. The armed forces are under the command of the Chief of Defence (currently General Jarmo Lindberg), who is directly subordinate to the president in matters related to military command. The main language is Finnish,[9] a Finnic language of the Uralic language family, which is unrelated to the Scandinavian languages. [200] Finland subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 42.6 years. As a rule, the post of prime minister goes to the leader of the biggest party and that of the minister of finance to the leader of the second biggest. Citizens can run and vote in parliamentary, municipal, presidential and European Union elections. [92] Of some seventy species of freshwater fish, the northern pike, perch, and others are plentiful. The largest industries in 2007[138] were electronics (22%); machinery, vehicles, and other engineered metal products (21.1%); forest industry (13%); and chemicals (11%). One of the most common reasons for work disability are due to mental disorders, in particular depression. Finland contains 40 national parks (such as the Koli National Park in North Karelia), from the Southern shores of the Gulf of Finland to the high fells of Lapland. [177] In 2019, the per-capita income of Finland was estimated to be $48,869. Finland proper was the most densely populated area. Swedish is the second official language of Finland, and is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas of the country and on Åland. The effect is strongest around the Gulf of Bothnia, where land steadily rises about 1 cm (0.4 in) a year. [182] In both indicators, Finland's performance was next to Germany, and significantly higher than most European countries. After lower secondary school, graduates may either enter the workforce directly, or apply to trade schools or gymnasiums (upper secondary schools).

Other cities with population over 100,000 are Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Kuopio, and Lahti. The visual arts in Finland started to form their individual characteristics in the 19th century, when Romantic nationalism was rising in autonomic Finland.

[217] The Sami languages that are spoken in Finland are Northern Sami, Inari Sami, and Skolt Sami.

The average residential property without land costs €1,187 per sq metre and residential land €8.60 per sq metre. Financial and product market regulation were loosened. Yle, the Finnish Broadcasting Company, operates five television channels and thirteen radio channels in both national languages. [135], In May 2015, Finnish Military sent nearly one million letters to all relevant males in the country, informing them about their roles in the war effort. In the 16th century, Mikael Agricola published the first written works in Finnish, and Finland's current capital city, Helsinki, was founded by Gustav I of Sweden. This year’s World’s Best Awards survey closed on March 2, just before widespread stay-at-home orders were implemented as a result of COVID-19. The army consists of a highly mobile field army backed up by local defence units. Podzol profile development is seen in most forest soils except where drainage is poor. As no one party ever dominates the parliament, Finnish cabinets are multi-party coalitions. In the 18th century, wars between Sweden and Russia twice led to the occupation of Finland by Russian forces, times known to the Finns as the Greater Wrath (1714–1721) and the Lesser Wrath (1742–1743).

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